Internal And External Stakeholder Analysis Essay

Non -profit organization- an organization that is tax free and that serves the public interest. Their purposes are charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. Public expects to donate and their donations be deducted from their federal taxes. A legally non -profit org does not declare any profit and instead utilizing all the resources and revenue for its operating expenses. International Humanitarian City (IHC) Established in 2003 by HH Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, the International Humanitarian City (IHC) has grown to become the world’s largest and busiest logistics hub for humanitarian aid with nine UN agencies and nearly 50 NGOs and commercial entities as members. Its expertise is in transport and logistics to work hand in hand with aid agencies on helping the victims of crises and families whose lives are scarred by poverty. IHC capabilities for delivering help is eight hours by air to two thirds of the world population some of the worst humanitarian crises that includes tsunami in Southeast Asia, recurring drought of Africa, Civil unrest in Afghanistan and Darfur and the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. IHC also has been engaged on emergency responses to Syria and Philippines Characteristics of Nonprofit Organization: Passion for Mission ( values Driven) – creativity, energy and dedication for the work Atmosphere of Scarcity – Shortage of resources, underdeveloped infrastructure may exist execution walls. Bias toward informality, participation and consensus- Dual bottom lines; Financial and Mission Program outcomes are difficult to assess Governing boards has both oversight and supporting roles Mixed skill level of staff Participation of volunteers Public Sector- Composed of organization that are owned and operated by the government. Includes Federal, provincial, state, or municipal governments, depending on where you live. RTA( Road and transport Authority) a public sector organization responsible for transport network in UAE, a versatile entity mandated to manage marine roads , metro and public transport through sub agencies. 5 basic Characteristics of public sector State Ownership: Owned by the state. It could be in the nature of Central, State or local government ownership or any instrumentality of the state too can have the ownership of public enterprise. Controlled by the state Its operation and administration controlled by government. The Government has the direct responsibility to manage the affairs of the enterprise through various devices and exercises control over it by means of a number of agencies and techniques. Public Responsibility: Public Enterprises owe accountability to people as they are funded through public money. This accountability is realized through legislature and its committees, ministers, audit institutions and other specialized agencies. Independence: Public Enterprises function with highest independence under given situations. They are free from day to day interference in their affairs and management. Coverage The public enterprise negotiates all areas and activities. There is hardly any field of activity, which is not covered by the operations of public enterprises. Stakeholder- a person, group of organizations that has interest or affect the organization or with reasonable interest to a given situation or enterprise Stakeholder Analysis- tools to identify the needs and concern of various stakeholders. It is a useful tool for; Gaining understanding and building harmony Communicating the benefits of a proposed project Building strong inclusive campaigns that involve the public Benefits; common problems that can be solves using analysis. Unnecessary focus on analytical tools Issues are too large of complex for decision makers The scope of study is too large Some stakeholder are left out There is no local ownership There is no commitment for implementation. Kinds of stakeholder; Primary stakeholder- direct beneficiaries and direct concerned person Secondary stakeholder- mediators in the process of delivering aid to primary stakeholder Opposition Stakeholder- those who have the capacity to affect outcomes unfavorably through the resources and influence they command. It is crucial to engage them in open dialogue Marginal stakeholder- such as women, indigenous people, and other needy groups Key stakeholder- have significant influence upon or importance within the organization. Stakeholder Analysis Process; Identify and man internal and external stakeholder Assess the nature of each stakeholders influence and importance Construct a matrix to identify stakeholder influence and importance Monitor and mange stakeholder relationship. Two type of stake holder; Direct stakeholder – directly connected to the organization Intermediary- who represent others Importance of stakeholder Support the overall movement of the organization which involves providing quality service e.g medical assistance, recovery missions and distributing  relief goods to affected areas. Influence the Non- profit organization- provides the opportunity to organization to share its goals and objective to join to other organizations which has the same missions and purpose. Clients and Volunteers – Free publicity from the clients who receive quality service from the organization and tell its story publicly, or shared it to their co- workers, friends and or can be featured to any media advertisement to support the cause and ask for funding. Identifying Stakeholder; Brainstorming-one way of identifying the stakeholder.Analyzing or making a list of stakeholder or even the type of stakeholder. Mapping-a usefull way of unlocking creativity and helping the ideas to flow. A diagram that shows a map or even a software that can use to map its stakeholder Stakeholder list- general list of stakeholder are the starting point to identify them. Doesn’t include many specialists in the industry or industry specific job titles. Previous projects- documentation from previous projects and communicating the projects team who is involve on the particular project or a particular client. Organization charts and directories- Company organization or directory also can help to identify a particular stakeholder. Reviewing the Social network sites, like LinkedIn advance people search to look for company stakeholder, industry, job title and seniority. OGC Stakeholder categories- finding it hard to find a potential stakeholder company can do the categorization process. Below is the category can use for identification; User/beneficiaries Governance Influencer ( trade unions, media ) Providers ( supplier, partners) Below diagram is a stakeholder mapping; Internal Stakeholder; ( IHC-non- profit Organization) Board Members Staff members/employees- the one who has direct interaction and involved  during the crisis. One of the most important stakeholder on the organization, initiates activities of IHC consequently, concentrating on IHC mission and vision. Volunteers- individuals who are willing to help, lend a hand during the crisis Donors / Fund raiser– an individual or association that contributes in terms of kinds, monetary during crisis. Former member of the organization are still one to consider, provided they are still active in promoting it. Publicity- a person that may be an instrument for public awareness regarding the organizations existence. Fund raiser- a person who is involved for collecting funds from any group or individual who is willing to give their part. A fund raiser can collect through media and other concert for a cause. External Stake holder (IHC-Non- profit organization) Employers or politicians that create legislation encouraging the hiring of ex-addict. Suppliers of like foods and clothing to be distributed to the affected area they can take advantage of the event like selling other goods to other distributor on the market. Governmental bodies/civil society- a non- governmental society working in the field of exclusion. Competitors- Who has the same structure of business Media- TV, newspaper , TV channels Environment – place where humanitarian city is built, should have a friendly neighborhood, safety for the victims, stress free. Internal stakeholder ( RTA) Customer/Travelers- individuals who are rail users , who are experiencing the benefits Employees- who has direct interaction with the commuters Guards- Who assures safety of any travelers/ tourist, executed rules and regulations , Maintenance- who maintain the technical and mechanical problem of the RTA Cleaners- individuals who are responsible for cleaning the area including toilets, labatories and prayer rooms. Convenience store and other kiosk that are found on the station External Stakeholder (RTA) Governments- a group that executed/implements rules and regulation. State/federal agencies. Government agencies often devise and issue regulations and reporting requirements, and can sometimes make or break an effort by how they choose to regulate and how vigorously they enforce their regulations. Policy makers. Peoples or groups often have no official power – they may be â€Å"advisers† to those with real power – but their opinions and ideas are often followed closely. If they’re on your side, that’s a big plus. Media- commuters awareness (rates , maps and direction,) TV, Radio, Newspaper and magazine.

Communication and Positive Relationships Essay

Module 1 Activities Q1.1 Why is it important that you are able to communicate effectively with people in your job role? Good communication is very important when working with children, young people, their families and carers. By being able to communicate effectively I am making sure that I am understood and understanding too. People, especially children respond well to positive communication, and by being able to communicate effectively with children I will be able to identify their strengths and weaknesses and be able to support them if it be needed. Being able to communicate effectively with colleagues means I will be able to discuss lessons, pupils progress and any problems that may arise, and if I am able to communicate effectively with parents and carers then I will be able to discuss pupil progress etc in a professional manner that would not be offending. Another reason why being able to communicate effectively is important is that it helps build a good rapport and builds trust between the workforce, children, young people and their carers. Q1.2 Explain your different styles of communication when: a) noticing that a Foundation age child is becoming distressed during a group activity in the Numeracy session I will come down to the level of the child and ask if they understood the session or if they found it difficult. I would be understanding. I will give the child the opportunity to express their thoughts on the lesson in the hope that I will then be able to asses why the child was becoming distressed and be able to resolve the issue so that the child felt confident enough to carry on. â€Å"Children learn best when they are enabled to express themselves †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (http://www.nicurriculum.org.uk/docs/foundation_stage/UF_web.pdf) b) noticing that a Year 7 child is becoming distressed during a group activity in the Maths lesson I will ask the child to move away from the group so they didn’t feel humiliated in front of their peers. I will not  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœtalk down’ to them; rather I will be respectful and understanding. I will give the child an opportunity to express their thoughts on why they were becoming distressed; maybe they didn’t understand the activity or were uncomfortable with the group they were put with? I will try my best to resolve any issues that the child may have, so the child knows that he was heard and not feel that he was ignored. c) Supporting a child with Asperger’s Syndrome during a role play activity about going on holiday Most children with Asperger’s syndrome like routine and structure ‘People with Asperger’s syndrome often have trouble understanding the â€Å"big picture† and tend to see part of a situation rather than the whole.â⠂¬â„¢ (http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/tc/aspergers-syndrome-home-treatment) I will explain the activity to the child in a simple manner and give the child the opportunity to decide on what he wants to say without overpowering him. I will make sure the child understands what is going on in the activity and throughout the role play, and also make sure that he is not getting distressed. I will make sure he is comfortable when interacting with other children and that he understands what the activity is about. Children with Aspergers syndrome find it difficult to socialise, so I will talk to the child and make him feel comfortable about the role play. I will not demand, instead I will suggest so the child doesn’t feel like he is being pushed in to doing something he is not comfortable with as this will result in him becoming distressed. d) Supporting a child with hearing impairment during a role play activity about going on holiday I will firstly ensure that the activity is taking place in an area which is quiet so the child does not have difficulties in hearing. I will speak to the child, coming down to his level, and in a clear voice making sure he has understood the activity. I will use visual aids about the activity, pictures about going on holiday etc, making sure the child is comfortable with the role play. I will ensure all other children taking part in the role play speak in a loud clear voice, and that the child is sat in a place where he will be able to communicate with the others effectively. I will ensure the child is not getting distressed throughout the activity by staying close to the child and asking him at intervals ensuring that he is comfortable. Q1.3 You are concerned about the behaviour of one of the children with whom you are involved. You believe that this is due to learning development problems, and suspect this may be due to underlying medical issues. Explain how you would ensure that effective communication is maintained when discussing these issues with the child’s parent, the assigned teacher and other external professionals. When discussing these issues with the child’s parent I will make sure I am kind and considerate. I will ensure that the parents’ know that they are involved in all decisions affecting their child’s education and learning. I will be respectful, avoid being judgemental and also remember to be positive, as parents enjoy positive communication. I will include positive aspects of the child’s performance. I will listen to the parents input and there point of view. ‘†¦ Surveyed parents wanted to be treated with respect and as equals when communicating with educators. Parents are not looking for a cold, professional approach from school staff. Rather, teachers who develop a â€Å"personal touch† in their communication style achieve enhanced school relationships.’ Communicating with Parents: Strategies for Teachers, Susan Graham-Clay When discussing these issues with the teacher and other external professionals I will be non judgemental, be respectful towards the child and be sure to communicate in a way that all information is passed on accurately regarding the child’s behaviour and any other issues that there may be. Q1.4 How can a HLTA help pupils to understand why it is necessary to behave appropriately during lessons? ‘It’s far more effective to encourage good behaviour rather than deal with misbehaviour as it arises’ http://newteachers.tes.co.uk/content/top-10-strategies-encouraging-good-behaviour A HLTA can help pupils understand why it is necessary to behave appropriately by firstly being aware of the schools policy on behaviour, then making the  pupils aware of the policies regarding acceptable behaviour at the school. Pupils can be told how inappropriate behaviour can disrupt the learning process of others and the teaching process. A poster of class rules/expected behaviour can be put up in the classroom so pupils are aware of what kind of behaviour is expected from them in the school. The pupils should be made aware of what is expected of them and a consistent approach should be upheld regarding this. Q1.5 Speak to a classroom teacher and ask them about the most important things they expect from their pupils in terms of behaviour. Record them below and state whether you agree or disagree with their expectations. If there are expectations you did not agree with, think about why you did not agree. Record your thoughts here and discuss with the teacher. Participate in class discussions-Disagree Some students are not comfortable when having to speak up in class discussions. This should not be expected from all students and should not be thought of as misbehaving if students are not participating with class discussions. Hand work in on time given-Disagree It should be expected that some students may not be able to hand their work in on the time given, this can be due to learning difficulties, some students may need extra support and time in completing their work. Some students may be experiencing problems at home etc which has not made it possible for them to complete their work on time Q1.6 Say how you as a HLTA would deal with each of the following situations (Figures in brackets give the age of the pupil) Amy (13) calls Jasmine (11) a ‘chav’. I would first report the incident to the class teacher, and then I would move Amy to a different place so she does not feel humiliated and give her time to calm down and a chance to explain why she said what she did to Jasmine. I will keep an open mind and stay calm and supportive so as to not inflame the situation further. When the teacher is dealing with the situation I will make sure the rest of the class is not disrupted by keeping them on task I will see how jasmine has been affected by this and make sure she is ok. Susan (8) pulls the hair of the girl sitting next to her I will be sure to not shout as this will not solve the problem, firstly I  will move Susan away to a different place and then inform the teacher. I will give Susan time to calm down before I attempt to examine the problem, I will listen to her and show that I am interested in her feelings. I will explain how this kind of behaviour is not acceptable, I will criticise the behaviour and not Susan, and I will explain how her actions affect others around her During a whole-class activity, Jack (11) gets up and wanders round the classroom, looking at other pupils work and distracting them. I would ask Jack to return to his place and praise him when he does so. I will speak to Jack away from the rest of the pupils asking him why he was wandering around the class, maybe he wasn’t sure about the class activity, I will remind him of the class rules and explain how his behaviour was disrupting the rest of the class You hear Tom (13) threaten to ‘knife’ Paul (12) when they get out of school. I will speak to Tom calmly and ask him what was making him angry, I will show him that I am interested and want to help. I will give him time to calm down. I will tell the class teacher so she is aware of the situation and can tell the appropriate people at the school to ensure the safety of the pupils. You ask Mohammed (5) to stop talking while the teacher is talking and he swears at you I will keep calm and not shout or get angry. I will condemn the behaviour and not Mohammed so he does not feel humiliated. I will explain to the class why using this kind of language is inappropriate and how it hurts people’s feelings etc I will encourage good behaviour and praise Mohammed for doing good so he learns the difference between praise on good behaviour and being reprimanded for unacceptable behaviour. Carla (13) and Rani (13) have an argument over a pencil. Carla is racially abusive to Rani and grabs Rani’s wrist to force her to give her the pencil. I will tell Carla to move to a different place away from the class, and give her some time to reflect and think. I will inform the class teacher of what has happened and ensure that Rani is ok I will give Carla the chance to  speak, reminding her that being racially abusive was wrong and how she thought Rani may be feeling. I will not shout or become angry, I will remain calm and not criticise her behaviour You come across Chris (14) and Sam (15) smoking at the top of the playing fields I will ask both boys politely to stop smoking and get rid of the cigarettes and to also give me any other cigarettes that they may have. I will keep calm and not become angry. I will ask them if they knew the dangers and ill effects of smoking and how it was dangerous to their health etc I will criticise the act and not the pupils I will report the incident to the class teacher You overhear Charlotte (14) and Jenny (14) discussing a sexually explicit scenario involving one of the male teachers. I will tell both the girls to move places and then report to the class teacher what I had heard. I will not become judgemental or angry; I will remain calm and explain why these kinds of discussions were inappropriate in the classroom. As this is a sensitive matter involving another teacher, I will inform the appropriate member of staff to deal with it accordingly, and make sure I clearly tell them what I had heard between the girls

Impact and Effectiveness of three Leadership Styles in Contemporary Research Paper

Impact and Effectiveness of three Leadership Styles in Contemporary Clinical Practice - Research Paper Example It is evident that different leadership qualities and leader behaviors would be most important in dealing with different clinical situations that are faced by the leaders in practice. Thinking from the context of nursing, some clinical situations would demand fast actions and quick response and thinking. In contrast, some others would need an allowance of time due to its complex nature. The best solution then may come from careful consideration of different facets of the situation that poses a problem. The literature on leadership theories identifies different qualities and behavioral patterns of effective nurse leaders (Cummings et al., 2008). The type of leadership or its style has been explained by the behavioral theories of leadership. According to this theory, the style of leadership is indicated by behavioral theories. The first of them is authoritarian leadership. This has also been called as an autocratic, directive, or controlling leadership. As evident from the name, the authoritarian gives orders and thus would make the decision for the group as a whole. Therefore, there is a chance of imposition of her decision on that of the group. Consequently, most of the responsibilities of outcome fall on her. This is an efficient way of leadership, but imposition would constrict the creativity and thoughts or ideas of the individual members of the group. Therefore new ways of executing the work would remain unexplored. Moreover, there can be an idea that since the leader is responsible and is taking decisions, there would be a lack of ownership and inhibition of motivation. There are certain clinical situations where autho ritarian leadership is necessary for the clinical practice, where the leader must ensure all the group members follow the same principles in care. For example, if there is a high incidence of hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care unit, and there is a perceived need to follow the infection control policy in practice which includes stringent hand washing of the nurses, the leader must enforce compulsory hand washing for the team. Depending on the gravity of the situation and implications on patient safety, the autocratic leader may decide to be either punitive or benign. In this style of leadership, the team members will have less freedom with the leader having high control.  Ã‚  

Liberal Democracy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liberal Democracy - Coursework Example Statutory laws and controlled institutions are relied upon to guarantee the liberal and constitutional rights of the citizens (Kukathas 2004, p. 45). According to Held (2006, p.73), liberal democracy is well supported by the political theory of pluralism, which allows individuals and groups reach for their interests in the political process, hence, decisions are arrived at through compromise to accommodate the interests of all stakeholders and interest groups. One of the main elements of a liberal democracy is the constitution. The constitution in liberal democracies starts with the assumption of sovereignty, vesting the ultimate power in the people. The democracy presupposes that people can control their destiny and that they make moral judgments and practical decisions in their daily lives (Wallace 2007 pg. 7). It requires a decision-making system based on majority rule, with the protection of minority rights; seeks to protect in  judgments while controlling the majority (majoritarianism) by trying to face out the practice of majority rule (Dunn 1994, pg 11). The constitutions of liberal democracies mostly uphold the four main concepts of democratic creed namely: individualism, liberty, equality and fraternity. Individualism states that the prime objective of democratic government is to protect citizens so that each individual in the state can achieve the highest level of personal development (Marlman 2009, pg13). Liberty is in essence allowing individuals the highest degree of freedom that is consistent with order and natural justice. Equality states and maintains that all people are equal in creation have equal opportunities and rights (Mueller 2007, p.41).  

Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Gay Marriage - Essay Example It is relevant to take into account views of both antagonists and proponents of gay marriage. For example, Laura Kipnis claims that gay marriage is a logical continuation of relations among gay couples. Their emotional and psychological conditions should be united in the name of happiness. Moreover, gay marriage is often misperceived by the society, because attention is paid to sexual and intimate relations, but this type of relations is not considered as an option of adoption. There are a lot of orphans throughout the world and if there is a chance to provide those poor children with parents, why to take this option away from them? Analysis and Evaluation Jullian Rayfield gave a prompt answer to the question of gay marriage legalization. The article of the author named â€Å"New York State Senate Passes Marriage Equality Bill† (24 June, 2011) considers background information and reactions for gay marriage in the State of New York. Many years have passed since the first time g ays made an attempt to protect their rights and initiated a struggle for their love. Currently, gay marriage was legalized in the New York State Senate and this fact should be considered as victory of gays of America. This struggle occurred on the political background, though this issue is of a social and individual nature. Gay community received support from some political parties and it shows that modern politicians are open-minded and are ready for changes and blurring of limits of the modern society. Republicans supported legalization of gay marriage, because they would undermine democratic principles of their policies. It is possible to claim that harmonious society depends on harmonious members, happy individuals, which have a chance to live their lives with their beloved persons. Why not to have a child in the families of this type? As a rule, gays are loving parents and there are no objective reasons for preventing them from being parents. There are evident changes in the mo dern society and the institute of marriage reflects these changes as well. Heterosexual marriage has changed and the role of women is different from the one they had in the beginning of the 20th century. Gay marriage as a new social institution is still unstable, but it is possible to argue that this social phenomenon has a chance to survive in the modern society. Nevertheless, the fact that gay marriage is negatively accepted in the modern society cannot be denied. Thus, Bidstrup is focused on morality of gay marriage. There are many social stereotypes, which have been developed in the society for many years and gay marriage is often positioned as a morally perverted phenomenon, which is not appropriate even for the modern diverse society. This fact can be explained by considerations of gay marriage in emotional context, where the main emphasis is made on intimate and sexual relations of gays and not on their social roles (Bawr, 1994). Gays are perceived as abnormal or deviant indi viduals, which reach their satisfaction in a perverse manner. It is better to discuss an option of gay marriage as a socially beneficial phenomenon, when two beloved persons are able to contribute much to the development of the community and of the society as well. Moreover, gay marriage and adoption of children should be considered as socially favorable phenomena, because both these factors will create atmosphere of tolerance, patience and understanding in the society. It is possible to

European Discovery of the Americas in 1492-1650 Assignment

European Discovery of the Americas in 1492-1650 - Assignment Example Trade started booming as English merchants got raw materials for their industries and the farmers and settlers found land to cultivate and a large land to put their large population. The lack of religious persecutions also made them opt to stay and start to develop this previously â€Å"bare and underdeveloped land.† With peace and stability prevailing in this new land while there was an increasing instability in the old one (at least the Europe part of it) and lack of political shenanigans, the new world‘s development soared and started even surpassing that of the old world (Elliot 25).The arrival of the Europeans in the Americas brought both negative and positive effects. The Colombian Exchange brought in animals (specifically livestock which were previously lacking in the Americas), some different varieties of crops and pets. These included cattle, horses, pigs and crops such as sugarcane which were planted in the southern part of the new world (which is now South Ame rica specifically the Dominican Republic and even Haiti). Since the new world also had its own unique products in the form of raw materials which were transported to Europe, trade began to grow which benefitted the new world more since its proceeds were used to invest more in their nation (Crosby 64).The negative effect brought by the arrival of the Europeans was that they brought with them diseases (these diseases included smallpox) that were previously nonexistent in that land. These strange diseases had no cure and they killed much of the population of the new world. They also brought much stronger weapons like the guns which could not be compared to the swords and arrows and they, therefore, killed many native Americans that tried to fight them much easier and faster. There was also an introduction of religion and new cultures which was both positive and negative (positive in that there was an emergence of religious diversity and negative as it led to the abolishment of the trad itional beliefs and cultures).

Land cruiser vs nissan patrol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Land cruiser vs nissan patrol - Essay Example Extensively, the Toyota Land Cruiser performs its road tests in the Australian road conditions. With time, the Toyota land Cruiser’s popularity has spread globally (O’Kane 2010). A Nissan Motors, a Japanese-based company, make the Nissan Patrol 4WD. In Japan, it is known as the Nissan Safari. In Japan, it is still referred to as the Nissan Safari even if its production stops in the year 2004. During the early 1960s, the actor of the film ‘Cowboy’ liked the vehicle incredibly that he was offered a Nissan 4WD by the automaker in return for his backing. By 1964, the model cost approximately $1,616 (leppard 2008). By the 1960s, the vehicle was utilized as a military vehicle specifically in the Middle East and South Asia. Primarily, the patrol was a transport vehicle used by the Indian army in the late 1960s and early 1970s. At the Indian plant where it was assembled, it was named Jonga. The United Nations agencies in addition utilized the Patrol. The Patrol enjoys a recommendable popularity in numerous countries in the Middle East, also the United Arab Emirates. The design is now accessible with entertainment equipment, keyless start and other impressive features (leppard 2008). When launched in 2010, the carmaker made it public that they will continue producing the older generation alongside the new generation ones. The best of them all in touring is the Nissan 4WD model. The 2010 model came as a 5-doors design, along with 4.8-litre inline 6-cylinder engine as average, and the 5-speed automatic choice, with tiptronic or the 5-speed manual. In the middle 2011, a 3-door short-wheelbase design was availed with similar drivetrain, as the 2012 design (leppard 2008). The patrol contains the interior modern features like wood trim, cd/mp3 stereo, fog lamps, cloth upholstery, manual a/c 16-inch wheel, and other apparatus (leppard 2008). The Toyota has three, 4WD land cruiser model, but there is one that is

Social Media Campaign (350 Points) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Media Campaign (350 Points) - Essay Example The analysis of the Starbucks Company in the advertising World will be based on media planning, media buying and interactive marketing section of the Austin’s advertising website (University of Texas, 2015). The Starbucks Company has a media planner whose role is to determine the best advertising options for the company’s coffee brand. These options can be traditional like the use of newspapers or the modern methods that entail the use of facebook and twitter handles. The determination on which method of advertising to choose from depends on the seasons as depicted in sales. Mobile (social media), print, broadcast, outdoor, public service, product placement and online advertisement are used by planners. This is used as communication tools between the planners and the clients that they represent. The media platforms are also used for advertisement campaigns (University of Texas, 2015). The media buyers, who are the clients’ deal breakers, normally reach the clients through social media among other means. This facilitates easy, efficient and effective communication as they make suitable deals for their clients. They advise the customers on the best products to buy through providing information on the available products and their prices. Most of the skilled buyer’s time is normally spent on advertising Starbucks’ products where they get some commission upon selling a particular product. However, for sales to get to the negotiation point, the advertisement must have been fully done through the social media and other avenues including websites. The online advertising campaigns are normally marketed as per the market dynamics, thus need for the buyer to be fully aware of the local market. The media buyer role is to negotiate the best placement of Starbucks’ brand on online advertisement (including social media), local TV, outdoor or radio ad vertisement of their brand (University of Texas, 2015). Twitter,

Discuss the reasons for the global distribution of heart disease Essay Example for Free

Discuss the reasons for the global distribution of heart disease Essay h The nature of Coronary Heart Disease. What is it? h The Global distribution of Coronary Heart Disease. h The likely causes for this include diet, smoking, lack of exercise as a minimum. For the heart to function properly, your heart needs a steady supply of oxygen from the blood, which flows through the coronary arteries, to the heart muscle. Coronary heart disease is a term used to describe the condition when the supply is blocked by fatty deposits or a thrombosis. The arteries become blocked due to a build up of fatty material in the lining. This causes the artery to become narrower, then the heart must pump harder to force the blood through. This causes the blood pressure to rise. There are three classifications of Coronary heart disease. If the coronary arteries become partly blocked, the person may experience chest pains brought on by exertion, which desist when resting again. This form of coronary heart disease is known as angina pectoris. The pain is caused by the shortage of blood to the heart muscles. With this form of coronary heart disease there is no death of the muscle tissue. If the arteries become completely blocked by a thrombus, this will cause a myocardial infarction, more commonly known as a heart attack. During a heart attack the lack of oxygen being pumped to the heart causes the heart muscle to die, and can also be fatal. Although many people survive with immediate medical attention. The other type of coronary heart disease is heart failure. This is the blockage of the main coronary artery, which leads to the gradual damage of the heart muscles. When this occurs, the heart will become weaker and weaker  until it eventually stops pumping blood around the body efficiently. Coronary heart disease was unknown before the 20th century. The main reason for this is most probably because the majority of people died of something else before they could die of coronary heart disease. Usually some kind of infectious disease. Coronary Heart Disease is more prominent in developed countries. The main reasons for this are stress, bad diets, lack of exercise, smoking and drinking. In developed countries we are more used to taking the bus or using a car rather than walking or cycling to where we want to get to. With increasing obesity we are also getting an increase of coronary heart disease. The distribution across the United Kingdom varies. For example, the people in the UK most likely to get coronary heart disease are those in the north west of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Manual workers are at a higher risk than those who have desk jobs are. South Asians in the UK are more likely get coronary heart disease than any other ethnic group. Men are also at greater risk than women are. The most common way for coronary heart disease start is when the coronary arteries become blocked by a build up of fatty deposits, known as cholesterol. The deposits form plaques in the lining of the artery, which narrows the arteries. Also making them less elastic. The narrowing of the arteries is called arteriosclerosis. This occurs when the lining is damaged, most likely due to high blood pressure. These breaks are taken over by phagocytes. These growth factors that stimulate the growth of smooth muscle cells. Cholesterol is a fatty substance made from the saturated fat that you eat. It is essential for cells to stay healthy. Lipoproteins carry cholesterol through the body, in the blood stream. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) take cholesterol from the liver, and take it to the cells, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) carry excess cholesterol back to the liver. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the one that tends to build up on the walls of the arteries. If your level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is too high, the high-density lipoproteins will not be able to remove the cholesterol sufficiently and you will be at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Thrombosis (blood clots) can also cause the coronary arteries to narrow, putting you at risk of heart attack. Coronary thrombosis occurs when blood turns from a liquid form to a solid form, creating a clot in one of the coronary arteries and stopping blood supply from getting to the heart muscle. Coronary thrombosis usually occurs at the site of existing arteriosclerosis. Agerisk increase with age. Although coronary heart disease can begin in early life Sexmales at a much higher risk than women (women protected by oestrogen until menopause, but will still be protected if they have HRT) Weightbeing overweight or obese will increase your chances Diethigh intake of animal (saturated) fats means high risk of coronary heart disease. Blood cholesterolhigh blood cholesterol levels results in high risk of coronary heart disease. High blood pressurehigh blood pressure causes higher risk of coronary heart disease. Smokingcombines with the other factors. Most common factor. Multiplies risk of getting coronary heart disease. Exercisemore exercise reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Hereditysome families are at higher risk than others are Diabetesdiabetics have higher risk Alcoholexcessive drinking causes high blood pressure, increase risk of atheroslerosis. Moderate intake can be protective. Social classheart disease more likely to occur among manual workers The way to prevent getting coronary heart disease is to limit your intake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and to keep you intake of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol high. Ways you can do this include: h Reducing the amount of food we eat containing saturated fat, as the body turns this fat into low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. h Avoiding excessive intake of egg yolks, most meats, such as pork, lamb, beef and veal, also butter, full fat milk and cream cheeses. h Eating more pea, lentils, beans, and oats will also help to lower cholesterol as they contain fibre. h Eat more vegetables, pulses, cereals, and fruit. h Higher intake of anti-oxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E. These vitamins can prevent saturated fat being converted into cholesterol by your body. h Nuts, like Brazil nuts are rich in selenium. This protects the body from tissue damage, like that damage causes by a myocardial infarction h Exercising is also very important. As well as being able to control your weight, also has been proven to increase the bodys levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Which in its turn keeps your low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels down. Walking and swimming are two of the  best forms of exercise. h Eat more oily fish like kippers, pilchards, trout, herring, sardines, mackerel and salmon. These fish contain oils that can lessen the risk of thrombosis. h If you are a smoker, the most important thing to do to reduce your risk of coronary heart disease is to stop smoking. Smoking is the major cause of coronary thrombosis in people under 50 years old Bibliography www.who.int/ncd/cvd www.who.int/whosid/ www.nhsdirect.nhs.ukhttp://nhlbisupport.com/chd1/chdexp.htm

Inputs Diagnosis Whole Foods Essay Example for Free

Inputs Diagnosis Whole Foods Essay The range of competitors within the overall industry include chain and independent supermarkets (Krogers, Safeway, others); mass merchandisers and super centers (Wal-mart,Target); convenience stores; wholesale clubs (Sam’s); restaurants and fast food chains andnatural food stores (Whole Foods, Wild Oats Generally the concentration of competitors has been fragmented by geography. However, through recent consolidations, the emergence of regional and national chains has started to prevail along with the decline of the independent/local shops. This consolidation activity has allowed many companies to spread their fixed costs over a wider range of output, thus creating more efficiency in operations. Often, it is cheaper for a company to acquire an incumbent due to the location of their stores and access to customers rather than to raise the capital for entirely new stores, which is how Whole Foods has been able to expand following their growth model strategy. Whole Foods acquisition growth plan has helped them to gain enough economies of scale to better compete with the Wal-marts and Sam’s Clubs. Threat of Substitutes Price of substitutes plays a role in determining a company’s profitability. Organic food is priced at a premium to conventional food reflecting the high labor costs in cultivating the product. The price premium may be one reason why organic food has not become mainstream. Another reason is that consumers either lack education about its benefits (or don’t care) so that the price premium does not appear to be justified. However, when comparing upscale organic and prepared foods to competitors such as restaurants, the benefit/cost ratio appears more justified. Market research conducted shows that â€Å"20 percent of shoppers as dedicated to healthy eating†.(PRNEWSWIRE, 2013) These shoppers tend to be better educated, more affluent, couples or singles without children, and generally in better physical shape than the rest of the population. These individuals that actively seek out health and nutritional information, are younger to middle aged, and have medium to high household incomes. Thus, this market segment likely has a higher propensity to substitute than the segment above, but still is probably lower than the overall market. In total, the organic segment of the market has captured â€Å"73 percent of consumers as of 2008†.(QSRMAGAZINE, 2013) Buyer Power The retail grocery market is typically considered somewhat resistant to economic downturns, thus, to some degree, consumers’ food budgets are price insensitive. However, there is risk that consumers will switch from high quality / high margin stores to mass merchandisers (Walmart, Shop N Save) to stretch declining incomes further in a downturn market. Furthermore, while individual consumers typically lack significant buyer power to affect the specific prices of products, collectively, they can exert influence on retailers to sell or not sell specific types of products. Supplier Power The organic food suppliers are not highly concentrated, so natural food retailers have some power over them. Also, the natural food retailers may have the ability to backward integrate with partnerships and joint ventures with local growers. In addition, there is a trend for top conventional food manufacturers to invest in national/organic food companies as shown by the following excerpt * Kraft (NYSE: KFT ) : Boca Foods, Back to Nature * PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP ) : Naked Juice * General Mills (NYSE: GIS ) : Cascadian Farm, Muir Glen * Dean Foods: Horizon, The Organic Cow of Vermont, Alta Dena, White Wave/Silk * ConAgra (NYSE: CAG ) : Lightlife, Alexia Foods * Kellogg (NYSE: K ) : Morningstar Farms, Kashi, Gardenburger, Bear Naked * Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO ) : Odwalla * MM Mars: Seeds of Change * Hain Celestial (Nasdaq: HAIN ) : Nile Spice, Health Valley, Bearitos, Earths Best, Walnut Acres (FOOL, 2013) Thus, the larger number of suppliers of organic products, the less influence one supplier can have in the market. Threat of New Entry Because the retail grocery market is typically low margin, â€Å"typically in the mid-single digit range†.(VALUELINE, 2013) It is critical for companies to have some type of cost advantage over peers, the larger chains may be able to obtain better and cheaper access to products than the independent stores(economies of scale). Labor is also a significant cost to retail grocers, representing 50% to 53% of total operating costs (EHOW, 2013). Other operating costs (including rent, utilities, transportation, and technology) are controllable by the company. Lastly, technology costs are key in the retail grocery industry in order to increase efficiency in operations and aid marketing aids. Point-of-sale systems can help to increase inventory turnover and sales and lead to better targeted customer marketing (COUNTERPOINTPOS, 2013) Other areas that affect new entry into a market include capital requirements, economies of scale, and brand identity. All of these factors have been discussed to some degree under other forces. Retaliation by incumbent competitors is an important element in determining the threat of new entry. Specifically, Whole Foods faces a threat from conventional supermarkets and mass merchandisers who may move to carry organic products within their stores. CONGRUENCE MODEL In conducting the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model, of Whole Foods Markets inputs and how they align with the strategy. I have resubmitted the model for your review The congruence model has four modals for analysis: 1. Inputs resources used by the organization but also its history and its social, economic and market position. Resources include people, technology, capital and reputation 2. Strategies what strategies best match the inputs to produce and how to produce those outputs from the available inputs. 3. Organizational components allows the analyst to isolate the individual influences and adjust them for a good fit 4. Performance -include the ability to pinpoint where performance is not adequate and to trace the reason back to a lack of congruence in the models part (SMALLBUSINESS 2013) The model is good for input diagnosis and it can be broken down with the following steps: TASKS The work itself does not need any specific skill set or knowledge except to be as personable as possible and like dealing with people. While there are materialistic rewards to working at whole Foods the other reward is the ability to have a vote in how things happen in the company. Whole Foods runs on â€Å"democratic capitalism; where all of the work is teamwork.†(Fastcompany, 2013) the system itself tends to creative while at the same time it is mechanistic as everything has to be in its correct spot just so-so. The work flows from the top down with a healthy response for the department teams. The department teams have the sole discretionary right to hire and approve new hires which upper management screens first. The work is through, caring and precise. The teams are interdependent as they are all an integral part of the stores success as a whole together. PEOPLE The people of Whole Foods are a team oriented group with a single mindedness to have their store succeed with a democratic disciplined outlook. Most of the employees are young, well-educated individuals whose participation reinforces attention to performance and profit. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The organization is set up as a virtuous circle which has a two way avenue to company policies to improve the company’s bottom line. Whole Foods has a knack to please their customers and every employee is empowered to correct as discrepancy that is brought to their attention by a customer. Each department is s3et up as a team which has a direct bearing on bonuses through â€Å"gainsharing†. (Fastcompany, 2013) Sales per labor hour the productivity metric at Whole Foods, democracy reinforces discipline. If someone doesn’t do the work and gets a poor rating then the team suffers in lost bonus money. Culture People work as a team to get the product out the door and keep customers happy and returning for repeat business. With that said the company’s success is driven by their employee’s attention to detail and satisfying the customer. Whole Foods has open salary concept where everyone knows what everybody else makes salary and bonuses. Also every store knows what another store is doing in sales, salary and bonuses. With that being known an individual wanting to transfer to another store or state knows what that store is doing financially and is able to make a well informed decision as to what to do with their career. There appears to be no political intrigue involved with the company and the â€Å"Hill† as most of the food wholesale segment is already tightly monitored as far as food safety and other regulation. The above listed modals are in in alignment with the major strength of Whole Foods in comparison to the Congruence model and Porters Five Forces Model. Their strength is the fact tht they can withstand entry of new competition due to their market chare and market segmentation. While company’s can enter into the retail food market they would be hard pressed to copy Whole foods business strategy in empowering their employees and making it work as far as satisfying their customers and meeting Whole Foods profit margin. Porter’s five forces strength model aligns quite well with the resources modal of the congruence model and several of the segments blur as everything is not cut and dried and able to be placed in the puzzle of what is Whole Foods. As a whole the strategies under the congruence and Porters model align with the complete Porter’s Five Forces Model well to give a rounded view of what Whole Foods is and what they can do if they stick to their mission statement and core values. Under the restraints of this report all of the congruence segments critical to the analysis as broken down the model reinforce Porters with their strength segment. As listed above the three input factors complement each other in regards to the strengths of the company as a whole. Also if you review my earlier reports all of my suppositions are supported and well documented as to how Whole Foods supports its marketing style and fills a niche with customers in search of alternatives to non-natural food stuffs.. References Percent health food consumers retrieved February 2013 from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-survey-shows-shoppers-eating-more-meals-at-home-cooking-meals-to-save-money-62056997.html Flat Lining Organics retrieved February 2013 from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-survey-shows-shoppers-eating-more-meals-at-home-cooking-meals-to-save-money-62056997.html Investing in organics retrieved February 2013 from http://www.fool.com/investing/high-growth/2009/01/16/investing-in-organics.aspx Retail grocery market industry analysis retrieved February 2013 from http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Industry_Report.aspx?id=7243 calculate food

The Devil Wears Prada Commerce Essay

The Devil Wears Prada Commerce Essay This reports investigates the management style, organisational culture, power and politics and employee support lessons of Runway. A conclusion is made in the fifth chapter. It is important to note that the movie is a caricature on organisational level. Quotes from the movie are referenced with the first name of the character. Many authors developed many models to analyse the above fields. In this report however, a very brief selection was made due to the limited word count. The sixth chapter reflects how this relates to Duo2, the organisation I worked in. The last chapter offers recommendations. Management style The management style in runway fits the most the contingency approach. Different theories also identify the behavioural leadership. Contingency approach Scott states the essence of contingency theory: the best way to organise depends on the nature of the environment to which the organisation relates (Scott 1998: 96). The fashion industry is very dependent on their environment, which is very fluctuating. This means that Runways best way in constantly changing as well, answering the trends in the industry. Miranda often does last-minute changes such as rescheduling meetings or changing promotions due to external factors. Team working stimulates the spread of new ideas, which are vital for change (Burns and Stalker 1966). Moreover, this change or innovation is vital for most companies, especially in the fashion industry. Runway uses teamwork in order to get new fresh ideas. Miranda lets her team make suggestions to develop a new outfit for Runway-cover. Lawrence and Lorsch (1968) state the importance of balancing differentiation and integration of those teams, enabling them to be best equipped to adapt to environmental changes. The balance in Runway tends more to be towards integration instead of differentiation, due to Mirandas tight control and the strong organisational culture (see next chapter). Taylor (scientific management) did already emphasize the importance of choosing the general type of management best suited to a particular case (Bizcovering 2009). Follet (human relations approach) formulated the law of the situation: the necessity of acting in accordance with the specific requirements of a given situation (Bizcovering 2009). As Andy develops and improves, Mirandas approach and attitude to her changes as well. The contingency approach is criticised because of its lack of theoretical foundation and being basically intuitive (Bizcovering 2009). Miranda has absolute power and controls whole Runway. This enables her to act in accordance with the specific requirements of a given situation. A more democratic approach would lack the flexibility needed to fully benefit the contingency approach. However, Mirandas decisions are indeed basically intuitive. Behavioural leadership The character of Miranda is autocratic. She uses direct control over her employees. It could be argued that creative jobs need more responsible autonomy. However, at Runway the direct control seems to work for most of the employees. On Tannebaum and Schmidts continuum, she scores highest on use of authority by the manager and lowest on area of freedom for subordinates. Andy literally sold her freedom to her. She does not have any private life anymore, illustrated by the loss of her friends and boyfriend. Tannebaum and Schmidt describe Mirandas behaviour as the manager decides and announces the decision. (Businessballs 2009). Purcell and Sisson (1983) identify her as a traditionalist, having little attention to the employee needs. Traditionalists oppose trade unions. For the size of a company such as Runway, it is however likely that there is trade union presence. The management style fits the business. The high autocratic behaviour exploits fully all opportunities the contingency approach offers. Moreover, it is one of the roots of the organisational culture, discussed in the next chapter. Organisational culture Runway has a strong organisational culture. This is because of the employees alignment to the organisational values. The best performing organisations are those with a strong culture (Deal and Kennedy 1999). Moreover, Peters and Waterman (1982) argue that excellent organisations have a strong cooperate culture. However, despite all the attributed excellence there is major risk in strong cultural organisation: groupthink. This name was given by Janis as a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking that people engage when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in group, when members strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternatives of action. (Janis 1982: 9). This means that employees do not challenge the current organisational ideas, resulting in very poor innovation and low flexibility. Johnsons cultural web Johnsons et al (2002) cultural web consists out of six interrelated elements. Together they form the paradigm of the organisation. These six factors are described below. Stories Stories can be about people as well as events. On Andys first day, she hears from Emily that her precedents only lasted a few weeks. Moreover, Andy became a story herself because of her unfashionable taste in the beginning (Rebecca and Emily talking), and at the end because of her achievements (Emily talking to the new girl and Mirandas recommendation fax). One event clearly stands out as well: the fashion week in Paris. Paris is fabulous. Its the best thing that could ever happen to a person (Emily). Miranda confesses she lives towards this week during the whole year. These stories show how much Runway values the fashion week in Paris. Rituals and routines When Miranda arrives at Runway in the morning, the morning-routine can be clearly observed. Everything is prepared in a fashionable way before her arrival. When she arrives, people avoid her at any cost: a girl gets out of the lift for her and apologises, people in the corridor turn back the way they came from, etc. Dealing with Miranda requires some rituals. The most important one is to never ask her anything. When Andy goes to deliver the book to Mirandas house, Emily informs her about the strict book-ritual, described in appendix 1. Symbols Runway is fashion. This symbol can be found in the clothing style and even the eating habits of the staff, the design of the offices. Its product, the magazine, became a clear symbol in the fashion industry. Organizational structure The entire organisation is built around Miranda. Hierarchical structure at lower levels is not shown in the film. It is for example unclear how Nigel leads his department. Control systems There is no information about financial, quality or reward systems. Miranda exercises all control by making all employees fear her. This pushed the staff into certain rituals and routines, all in function to please Miranda. Power structures Miranda has all the real power. During the film this is obvious in the way she leads Runway. Even in the end, when they try to replace her, she has a list of people who will go with her if she goes. This proves her power. This topic will be further specified in the next chapter. In addition to Johnsons cultural web, an analysis according to Schein (1985), who argued culture could be analyzed at several different levels, is included in appendix 2. Handys four cultures Handy (1985) identifies the following four cultures. Trompenaars et al (2003) also distinguishes four corporate cultures, showing similarities with Handys model (appendix 3). Power culture Power cultures give complete power to a few who control everything. This allows them to make fast decisions and does not require much rules or bureaucracy. Miranda enjoys absolute power, which indeed enables here to make swift decisions. She makes the whole company run for her by constantly advancing deadlines. She is famous for being unpredictable because her position allows her to be unpredictable (Doug). Role culture A role culture has a highly defined structure, where everybody has its own role. These are usual hierarchical bureaucracies. At Runway, people do not seem to have a clearly defined role, especially Andy: she is Mirandas secretary, but also makes her childrens science-project, goes to pick up orders, buys food and drinks for Miranda and arranges the unpublished Harry Potter book for Mirandas children. Task culture In tasks cultures, employees work as teams to focus on a particular problem. Expertise is power. There is not much proof of teamwork at Runway, unless initiated by Miranda. Everybody does what Miranda wishes, despite their expertise. Person culture Person cultures all build on egalitarian individuals. Andy however does not have the same power as Miranda has. Whole Runway is just built on one individual: Miranda. Organisational power and politics French and Raven French and Raven (1959) argued that power is based on the following five categories: Coercive power This is the power of dictators such as Miranda. Though often identified as being physical, this is not the case here. The use of threats characterises coercive power. The fear of losing their job is the biggest threat for Runways employees. Employees only want to survive. Reward power As a single decision maker, Miranda can decide who gets promoted, or who joins her to celebrations. For example: the famous Paris week was taken away from Emily and given to Andy. However, employees are not rewarded for their compliance. Nigel explains Andy: Dont be surprised Miranda does not give you a kiss on the forehead and a golden star on your homework. Later on, he, one of the most loyal employees, did not receive a promised promotion because of Mirandas self-interest. Legitimate power Most people believe Miranda can make any demands, just because she is famous. As a leader of Runway she has legitimate power. However, this power is not only from her position: even when she would lose that position she has a group of people who would obey her. Referent power As being famous, Miranda enjoys a lot of referent power. A million girls would kill for that job [which Andy has] (Dough) or people are dying to work here (Nigel). Some employees perform beyond their capacity, because it is for Miranda. Emily for example comes to work when she is ill, telling herself I love my job, I love my job. Miranda uses her referent power as coercion. Maybe Emily did not come to work for Miranda (only) but out of fear of Miranda. Expert power In this category Miranda has a power base as well. Her expertise made her famous, which gave her referent power. Therefore she was given legitimate power as well. Miranda turned all powers into coercion, to have maximum control to do what she considers to be best for the magazine. Amitai Etzioni Etzioni (1968) discovered an association between the kind of power mix typically used by an organization and the modal involvement of its lower participant. Highly coercive mixes tend to be met with intensive negative involvement, normative mixes with intense positive involvement, and remunerative mixes with less intense positive or negative involvement, depending on the mix. (Etzioni 1968: 103). Coercive power Coercive power, typified by prisons, is discussed previously (3.1.1). Remunerative power Remunerative power, typical in factories, is discussed previously as well (3.1.4). Normative power Normative power relies on the power of symbols, typified by churches. The Runway magazine can be seen as a symbol of fashion. Nigel tells Andy the magazine represented hope for him when he was a little boy. Alientive involvement Alientive involvement describes Andys attitude, as an answer to Mirandas coercive power. She is pushed to do things against her will, such as helping on the science project of the twins. Calculative/pecuniary involvement Calculative involvement is based on extrinsic reward. This kind of involvement comes forth out of remunerative power. Emily is calculative involved because of the Paris week and all the clothes she would receive. Moral involvement Moral involvement is based on individual beliefs. At Runway, most employees are moral involved because they believe in Miranda for what she represents or symbolises, answering her normative power. Employee support lessons It is important to define the psychological contract first to understand what goes on in the workplace. It is defined as the expectations or perceptions of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other. (Guest and Conway 2001). Andys and Mirandas expectations are different. The table in appendix 4 illustrates some of the differences. The psychological contract is based on employees sense of fairness and trust and their belief that the employer is honouring the deal between them. (CIPD 2008). Andy does not have this sense of fairness, she has feels as Mirandas slave, resulting in alientive involvement. However, this psychological contract does work for other employees, as they do not expect any fairness and believe that Miranda is doing what is best. Nigel plays a big role in Andys support lessons. Paternalistically he takes care of her appearance: giving her shoes, choosing clothes for her, taking her to the beauty department, etc. Emily tells her what she has to do practically: taking Mirandas coat, how to deliver the book to Miranda, not talking to Miranda, studying all guests names of the party, etc. Nigel and Emily helped Andy to fit into Runways organisational culture. Moreover, they explained the employers side of the psychological contract. There is a clear evolution in Andys behaviour and attitude, as she learns about Runways psychological contract. Being stressed out after Mirandas first demanding request, she is able to execute her later even more demanding tasks perfectly, as she learnt what Miranda expects. Not only did she find the unpublished Harry Potter script, she also knew that Miranda expected two copies, and made sure these copies were delivered to the twins before they went to their grandmother. In the end, even Miranda helps Andy understand that she expects the job to be more important than her personal life, because that is what it takes to do this job (Miranda). Andy evolutes into this kind of person, accepting Runways psychological contract. However, eventually she decides that she does not want to be like this, and quits her job. Conclusion Miranda is an autocratic dictator, using her own best practise way. This contingency approach gives her a lot of freedom. She is the base of Runways strong organisational culture. Johnsons et al (2002) cultural web and Scheins (1985) three levels describe this culture. Runway is typified by a power culture, giving Miranda maximum control and flexibility (Handy 1985). This power is based in all the categories identified by French and Raven (1959). Mirandas personal power sources (expert and referent power) gave her positional power sources (legitimate, reward and coercive power). She (ab)uses coercive power the most. Unlike Etzioni (1968) suggests, employees are mostly moral involved instead of alientive involved. Andy is the exception, not sharing the organisational beliefs in fashion, resulting in alientive involvement. The problem with the psychological contract is that it is unwritten, and thus difficult to find out (Guest and Conway 2001). Andy has the help from Nigel, Emily and even Miranda in understanding the psychological contract at Runways. As she becomes aware of Mirandas expectations, she adapts herself (and her expectations) to fulfil Mirandas. However, eventually she decides that her job does not come before her personal life. This difference in expectations makes her quit her job. Application to the organisation Duo2 Duo2 was a sustainable marketing and communication agency founded by me and five other students for two months, as part of our degree in marketing. A modern management style was used. Duo2 was a learning organisation (Garvin and Cizik 1991), acquiring knowledge to fulfil certain tasks. We developed a course book for entrepreneurship in the tourism industry, though none of us was familiar with tourism. Consequence: learning about tourism. Our CEO adapted a laissez-faire approach, giving us maximum freedom and responsible autonomy. We could chose our hours and place of work. Further it can be described as a manager who joins (Tannebaum and Schmidt cited in Businessballs 2009) as we made all decisions together. Purcell and Sisson (1983) identify this as sophisticated constitutionalists moderns. We had a very weak organisational culture, with no organisational- or power structure, no control systems and no rituals. Stories were limited to gossips about lectors. The only symbol was our logo (Johnson et al 2002). Our mission and vision captured our underlying values and beliefs (Schein 1985). We worked in teams focussing on different tasks (task culture) in an egalitarian and informal style (incubator culture) (Handy 1985 and Trompenaars et al 2003). Some people worked on the tourism course book, others focussed on other clients or other tasks such as creating the website, searching clients, etc. Power was based on expertise (French and Raven 1959). Somebody with superior writing skills was leading the writing team. Creative talents had authority over the website. Our involvement was calculative: we worked only hard enough to pass and for the money, which was equally divided. With no different positional power sources and equity there was a perfect psychological contract: We did not have different expectations for ourselves than for others. Though some had different levels perceptions of qualitative work, generally we all expected the same from each other. Appendix 5 compares the discussed topics of Runways with Duo2s Recommendations (if Duo2 would still exist) The management style, organisational culture and equity provided a lot of freedom in Duo2. To sustain this freedom, a lot of communication is needed (who works where on what?). Therefore I recommend the implication of a better communication system. Weekly office meetings at the same time would help. Especially a personal logbook/task plan available to everybody would be useful. This means that everybody can see who did, is doing, or going to do certain tasks at which location. This would enhance the current task culture and create more efficiency. Moreover, the personal logbook can also be used as a way of performance management. We had a lot of freedom which made us happy and generally performed well. Though for some individuals it is good to have some kind of control system in place, to make sure they perform equally well and to communicate performances of everybody (which cannot always be noticed). This would make sure that everybody works the same hard, supporting our egalitarian culture and Adams equity theory. At the weekly office meetings everybody could present their logbook, the work they did, and their task plan, the work they plan doing the next week. This control system makes the employees freedom justifiable and does not undermine it. It is important to state that the freedom was very important for our motivation and inspiration, as most tasks were creative. Moreover, this allowed us to get the maximum out of ourselves. The freedom needs to be kept, however I recommend the above control system to be implemented in order to guarantee and check upon the productivity of that freedom. List of References Bizcovering (2009) Contingency Approach to Management [online] available from [20 March 2007] Burns, T. and Stalker, G., M. (1966) The Management of Innovation. London: Tavistock Publ. Businessballs (2009) Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum [online] available from [8 April 2009] Changing Minds (2009) Trompenaars four diversity cultures [online] available from [22 February 2009] CIPD (2008) The psychological contract [online] available from [12 April 2008] Deal, T., E. and Kennedy, A., A. (1999) The New Corporate Cultures. New York: Perseus Publishing Etzioni, A. (1968) Organizational Dimensions and their Interrelationships: A Theory of Compliance. Indik, B. and Berrien, K. (eds.) People, Groups, and Organizations, 94-109 Frankel, D. (2006) The Devil Wears Prada [online] available from [21 February 2009] French, J.R.P. and Raven, B. (1959) The bases of social power. Studies in Social Power Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Garvin, D. (2003) Learning in Action: A Guide to Putting the Learning Organization to Work. Harvard : Harvard Business Press Guest, D.E. and Conway, N. (2001) Organisational Change and the Psychological Contract. London: CIPD Handy, C., B. (1985) 3rd edn. Understanding Organizations. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Hedges, P. (2005) The Devil Wears Prada [online] available from [19 February 2009] Janis, I., L. (1982) 2nd edn. Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Johnson, G., K., Scholes and R., Whittington (2002) 8th edn. Exploring corporate strategy. London: Prentice Hall Lawrence, P. and Lorsch, J. (1968) Differentiation and Integrations in Complex Organisations. Administrative Science Quarterly 12, 1-30 Peters, T., J. and Waterman, R., H (1982) In search of excellence: Lessons from Americas best-run companies. New York: Harper Row. Purcell, J. and Sisson, K. (1983) Strategies and practice in the management of industrial relations. Bain, G. (editor) Industrial Relations in Britain. Oxford: Blackwell Schein, E.,H. (1985) 3rd edn. Organizational Culture and Leadership. Chichester: Wiley Scott, W., R. (1998) 4th edn. Organisations: rational, natural, and open systems. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Trompenaars, F. and Woolliams, P. (2003) Business Across Cultures. Chichester: Wiley

Personal Statement :: College Admissions Essays

Since the beginning of my academic endeavors, I have long cherished a dream to be a member of the social science research community, which gives our society progressive insights into human ecology. I began my undergraduate studies at Ramapo College of New Jersey with a passion for ecological justice and with the intention of majoring in environmental studies. Ramapo College’s progressive liberal arts foundation provided me with ample room to explore the multifarious array of social science courses. As I took more social science courses, however, my understanding of human social groups underwent a metamorphosis. As a result, I decided to pursue a degree in Social Science, with minors in the two fields I felt most passionately interested in, Women’s Studies and African American Studies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two courses that were critical in my intellectual development were the Sociology of Social Movements and the Dynamics of Domestic Violence. In the Sociology of Social Movements, I designed a research project, â€Å"Women, War, and Resistance†. In this piece I examined crucial issues surrounding wars on a global level, such as rape as a weapon of war, sexual trafficking, and various grassroots war-resistance groups formed by women on a local level. In addition, after taking the course on Dynamics of Domestic Violence, I had the opportunity of doing field work at a domestic violence shelter. For this independent study, I met with a professor of the women’s studies department on a weekly basis to discuss my experiences and to receive assistance in my research project: â€Å"The Effects of Domestic Violence on Adolescents.† My motivation to research, discover, and stimulate social change is rooted in my childhood experiences. As a young child I grew up in a household filled with domestic violence, which ultimately ended with the suicide of my father. I subsequently came to know a variation of the typical American nuclear family: a single parent household. As I began to study family dynamics further, I was able to see my life experiences in a broader context. In hindsight, I now realize the impact and weight my own mother had on my personal development. It was through her strength, determination, and optimism that I was able to find the spark within myself to set goals and dreams for my future. She encouraged me never to accept anything at face value, including the way our society attempts to define my womanhood. As a result of this, I now question American culture’s classification of a ‘successful’ family and the factors that determine a ‘stable’ family.

Essay --

Introduction As my utility group has chosen Royal Dutch Shell Public Limited Company, which is one of the world’s six major owned oil and gas public organizations, for discussing its win-win strategy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy, an online game, CEO2, will take part in this report in order to build the best win-win strategy for the chosen company such as reducing carbon dioxide emission while raising the long term profitability. The biggest challenge in this industry is meeting consumer demand with acceptable ecological impacts and producing electricity at competitive prices. Moreover, Shell oil spill in 2011 has listed as the worst spill in the United Kingdom waters in the past decade. (Harvey, 2011) and caused stakeholders suspected its CSR strategy. Therefore, this report will analyze the win-win strategy by using the game result and address the company’s CSR issues in relation to its CSR strategy. CEO2 Game & Win-Win strategy The CEO2 game’s outcome is based on two rounds, we selected the best three options based on the options provided in round one. Firstly, â€Å"install new off-shore wind farms† with decreasing 20 percent CO2 emission, which adding up to 20 percent generation capacity and off-shore wind farms is better than the traditional on-shore wind farms due to more space available, higher wind speed and lesser complaints by the neighbors such as noise issue. Secondly, â€Å"Cooperate with a grid operator† which uses to equip every private and industry customer with a smart meter. For example, smart meters would help consumers better manage their energy use and reduce their energy bill. Thirdly, â€Å"retrofit existing plants† which allowed improving efficiency at all existing power plants by on average 4 perce... ... risk.†(ADN news, 2011) However, Shell only informed the public that the organization had taken the incident seriously with indicating regret and care, but not its emergency measure. Conclusion In conclusion, Shell’s CSR strategy is lack of equilibrium between environmental and economic performances which led to lose the trust of the public, therefore, Shell’s CSR needs to improve. For example, media and NGOs as watch dog and integrators to rebuild the trust with the public to ensure the company activities are environmentally, socially responsible and economically. Moreover, the organization could also increase its investment in technologies such as using cameras to control the oil transportation process in order to ensure the incident will not happen again. Overall, the company may add a win-win strategy to its CSR strategy to improve its current CSR performance.

Interpersonal Relationships Essay

Interpersonal relationships can either be defensive or supportive. I find myself being both very many times because I can see things in all different aspects. I try to put myself in the persons shoes in order to determine what would be best in my eyes, A supportive relationship is one where you back up the persons ideas and actions. I believe a manager must always have a supportive relationship with their boss in order to enforce rules in the workplace. If the manager does not enforce their supervisor’s rules then things would go very wrong. A defensive relationship is something we see very often because we all have different opinions. In the workplace especially when working in the healthcare field being defensive can be mistaken for aggression. Having a defensive relationship means that although you work together you have different views and they are expressed. I had a meeting last week where I actually had to speak defensively towards the CEO of the company. Our quota was being held against us in a manner that I did not agree with and I advised the manager. Since she did not acknowledge my suggestion I brought it up in our meeting and not only was I acknowledged our quotas are being reviewed. Part of being a successful communicator whether it is defensive or supportive is being assertive. Being assertive is essential in our daily lives especially in the workplace. There are plenty of times when we are trying to submit claims to the insurance company but they require more information. Many times we try to request more information such as letter of medical necessities from the doctors and they refuse because they feel they documented enough. Because we work for them we are not allowed to tell them what to do but this is when being assertive comes in. You advise the doctor that the insurance company is requesting more information than what is in the medical records and that if the letter is not done by a certain time the insurance company will not pay for the services that were rendered. Being assertive means being straight forward and strong with your style of communication without being aggressive or demeaning. Being assertive is like demanding something without the umpgh. I believe I effectively communicate within my interpersonal relationships. I always am assertive when speaking. I stand my ground and make my point clear and aggression is rarely ever used. I do defend my ideas and my points fully with everyone I speak to. Even at home I do not yell at my son unless he has done something truly incorrect. I always talk to him and show him right from wrong and explain why things should be done a certain way. Interpersonal relationships are essential in life. We all need to work together in our everyday lives in order to accommodate one another and not to offend anyone. In the healthcare field we all have the same goals and that is to make sure that the patient gets the care they need while the insurance companies pay the claims for our doctors. The healthcare field is filled with interpersonal relationships. We all depend on one another in order to do our job correctly. The doctor needs the nurse the nurse needs the front desk and everyone needs the billers. In the healthcare field we must use our confidence in order to be assertive. Being confident means knowing and standing for what you believe is right and expressing that. Being assertive means standing your ground without proof and without being aggressive. Although I believe being assertive works much better when there is proof because it shows that you researched what you are discussing. Assertiveness is a need in any field because you must speak your mind in order to communicate effectively and if you work in the healthcare field than being assertive will make you a very successful healthcare professional.

Thomas Hardy Notes on Hap

Author: Thomas Hardy First Published: 1898 Type of Poem: Sonnet Genres: Poetry, Sonnet Subjects: Suffering, Despair, God, Pain, Good and evil, Gods or goddesses, Fate or fatalism, Life, philosophy of, Life and death, Time, Joy or sorrow, Luck or misfortune The Poem Thomas Hardy has structured â€Å"Hap† to meet all the requirements of the form of an English sonnet: Its fourteen lines are written in iambic pentameter, the rhyme scheme abab, cdcd, efef, gg is complied with, and the three quatrains are followed by a rhymed couplet to conclude the poem. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Hap – Thomas Hardy *If you need to find something quickly, I suggest you hit CTRL + F and type in what you are looking for. * Hap(1) If but some vengeful god would call to me From up the sky, and laugh: â€Å"Thou suffering thing, Know that thy sorrow is my ecstasy That thy love's loss is my hate's profiting! † Then would I bear it, c lench myself and die, Steeled by the sense of the ire(2) unmerited; Half eased in that a Powerfuller than I Had willed and meted(3) me the tears I shed. But not so. How arrives it joy lies slain,And why unblooms the best hope ever sown? -Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain, And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan†¦ These purblind Doomsters(4) had as readily strown Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain. References: 1 – Chance (aka Casualty @ line 11) 2 – Anger 3 – Given 4 – Half-blind judges Author: Thomas Hardy (1840 – 1928) His works usually show the struggle between nature of man, inside and out, to shape human destiny. only through endurance, heroism or simple act of good can his characters overcome the adversity of unknown forces guiding them through life blindly.Explanation: (My professor once said, â€Å"To truly enjoy what we have before us, we must not be gluttons. We must be mannered beings who adhere to the rules of society an d take in, what we have before us, a morsel at a time. â€Å") {Essentially what he meant was, â€Å"Don't try to understand the entire thing at first. Take it in by sentences, then stanzas and then you will have arrived at the entire idea. But for this poem, we need to look at it semi-collectively} Let us begin with the first 2 stanzas: 1st STANZA If but some vengeful god would call to me From up the sky, and laugh: â€Å"Thou suffering thing,Know that thy sorrow is my ecstasy That thy love's loss is my hate's profiting! † 2nd STANZA Then would I bear it, clench myself and die, Steeled by the sense of the ire(2) unmerited; Half eased in that a Powerfuller than I Had willed and meted(3) me the tears I shed. So†¦ what did we just read? A lot of mumbo jumbo at first glance. But I promise that there is a meaning here. Our friend Thomas wishes for an angry god to peer down at him and laugh. Because god is such a powerful being that rains down misfortunes on humans, Hardy w ould have someone to target his anger towards.Hardy would know that God made him suffer and so Hardy would be completely alright dying hating god. 3rd Stanza But not so. How arrives it joy lies slain, And why unblooms the best hope ever sown? -Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain, And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan†¦ These purblind Doomsters(4) had as readily strown Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain. Hardy finishes off this poem by hinting that his anger towards god would be unjustified. God does not bring forth only sadness, he also brings forth happiness and hope. If god gives us both, then why does Hardy need to be so depressed?Why can not he be extremely happy? Hardy's answer to his own philosophical question is: It is not some supreme being giving me happiness and then giving me sadness based on my actions. It is just random chance. It is random chance that I have been extremely happy and extremely depressed. Summary: Hardy wishes that god exist but sadly, he doesn't. Because all the good things and bad things that happen to us aren't based, created or assigned by a powerful being at all. It all depends on luck, chance or Hap. My Opinion: Not particularly my favorite poem aesthetically. The idea however is quite challenging.It reminds me of a young philosopher who is questioning why bad things happen to good people. Surely it is chance, but what Hardy is hinting towards is what if it is a bad thing only because we THINK it is a bad thing? It is almost circular. I do not know much about Hardy but what I do know is that he tried really hard to believe in god but in the end, he came out completely agnostic. This poem shows that struggle. ————————————————- â€Å"Hap† is a poem by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) that he wrote in 1866, while working as a trainee architect, and for which he could not find a publisher.It did not reach the general public until 1898 when Hardy included it in his first collection, which was entitled â€Å"Wessex Poems†, which only appeared after he had concluded his career as a highly successful novelist. The poem is a sonnet, although it is presented as three stanzas in that the traditional octave is split into two stanzas each of four lines and the sestet is a stanza on its own. The rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEFFE, which is a variant on the Shakespearean form, although the clean break between octave and sestet is more associated with the Petrarchan sonnet form.The poem can be seen as Hardy’s reaction to the basic thinking that underlies Darwin’s â€Å"The Origin of Species† which had been published in 1859. Hardy understood Darwin to imply that the mechanism that drove natural selection was mere accident and chance. Although this is generally held to be a misinterpretation of Darwin’s theory, it was one that was widely held and it was also a re ason why many Victorians regarded Darwinism as being a version of atheism and therefore to be condemned.Hardy had no wish to reject what he understood to be Darwin’s theory, but he wanted to come to terms with it, and â€Å"Hap† is one such attempt. The opening quatrain is headed by â€Å"If† and the second by â€Å"Then†; thus they can each be regarded as separate clauses of the same sentence that seems to propound a statement of logic. The â€Å"If† clause represents a somewhat Old Testament view of â€Å"some vengeful god† who delights in causing sorrow to mankind and to the poet in particular.It appears that the poet has had a love affair go wrong: â€Å"Know that thy sorrow is my ecstasy, / That thy love’s loss is my hate’s profiting! † The â€Å"Then† clause states that the poet would have accepted the idea that his misfortune was caused by a supernatural force, or would at least have been â€Å"Half-easedà ¢â‚¬  by the knowledge that he was the victim of one who was â€Å"Powerfuller than I†. His attitude seems to be similar to that of Gloucester in Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear† when he says: â€Å"As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods, they kill us for their sport†.However, the â€Å"volta†, or turning-point, of this sonnet presents the reality which the poet now appreciates in the post-Darwinian world, namely that human misfortunes are not willed by the gods but happen by chance. Hardy can only blame â€Å"Crass Casualty†, and â€Å"dicing Time† which act as â€Å"purblind Doomsters†. The point he makes is that these forces are not vengeful like the gods in most mythologies but are completely indifferent. This is clear not only from his choice of adjectives (â€Å"crass† being used here to mean â€Å"insensitive† or â€Å"without thought†) but from the poem’s conclusion: â€Å" †¦ had as readily strown / Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain†.So the question then arises as to which world-view is preferable, that which supposes that the gods are set on destroying man’s happiness, or the cosmos revealed by Darwin in which the forces of nature are mechanical and purposeless and man has as good a chance of happiness as of despair? There is evidence that Hardy stressed to his critics that he was not replacing one source of cosmic oppression with another, and he was in fact quoted as saying that: â€Å"The world does not despise us; it only neglects us† (See â€Å"The Life of Thomas Hardy†, by Florence Emily Hardy, p. 8). The implication of this is that man has been dealt an even hand and must play it the best way he can. The new order is therefore a bestowal of freedom, but with freedom comes responsibility. There is a mystery in this poem as to what Hardy meant by â€Å"why unblooms the best hope ever sown? † As mentioned above, the misf ortune that prompted Hardy’s thoughts sounds as though it was a blighted love affair, but, although Hardy had several lady friends who came and went at this time in his career, there were none who were, as yet, potential marriage partners.This suggests that â€Å"the best hope† had more to do with Hardy’s failure to get his poetry into print. Hardy believed himself to be a talented poet and was surprised and disappointed that none of the journals to which he sent his work were willing to buy it. Perhaps there is a clue to this failure in the line quoted above – an editor who saw â€Å"unblooms† instead of â€Å"blooms not† might have considered that this was not poetic enough.It was certainly not a word that Tennyson would have chosen, and Tennyson was at that time Poet Laureate and the leader of poetic taste in England. An aspiring poet who did not conform to the standard set by Tennyson would no doubt struggle to find an audience. — ———————————————- â€Å"Hap† would probably not strike the modern reader as being anything particularly remarkable. It is well constructed, with a single train of thought that does not depart down any side tracks. The language is well-controlled, with every word making an impact.However, by not being Tennysonian enough, and expressing a view that seemed to side with Darwinism against the religious orthodoxy of the day, Hardy’s surprise at not being able to publish poems such as this should surely not have been as great as it was. Hardy unveils his determinism in this poem as a refreshing start to the Twentieth Century. This poem seems to take the shape of an altered sonnet. Divided into the three stanza, the poem has a scientific feel due to the start of each stanza sounding like an equation: â€Å"if†, â€Å"then†, â€Å"but not so†. The first t wo stanzas are very formulated in an abab rhyme scheme and are very direct.This structure seems to contradict the theme of the poem quite nicely by contrasting form versus the random. The third stanza, however, feels much more colloquial, and is more abstract and personal than the first two stanzas. Hardy uses a caesura, an ellipses, and a rhetorical question to add to the scepticism contained in his argument, and to make the stanza feel more conversational that the other two. The first stanza creates an imaginary being by arguing that IF there was a god to blame for wrongs against him, it would be a vengeful god that rejoices in pain, rather than the opposing notion of a benevolent god.In this poem, Hardy rejects the religious standard of God, and imagines one who delights in loss and suffering. It seems to pervert the previous notion of a divine god by imagining one who states â€Å"know that thy sorrow is my ecstasy†. By using â€Å"if†, Hardy seems to be wishing fo r such a god, for reasons explained in the following stanzas. In stanza two, Hardy describes the presence of this imagined vengeful god as a relief by ‘knowing’ the truth as to why he is allotted pain. It is because of this ‘knowing’ that Hardy would be able to â€Å"bear it, clench myself, and die†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"half-eased†.His mention of the unmerited seems in reference to religion again, as it is believed that God’s mercy is unmerited to the human race, just as Hardy’s vengeful god’s anger is unmerited to him. ————————————————- Finally, in stanza three, Hardy seems to give his own world view in a colloquial nature. The image of ‘unblooming’ symbolizes hope falling to pieces as a rose may unbloom. Hardy also names fate â€Å"Crass Casualty†: chance, and â€Å"dicing Time† : either mean t as fragmented time, or a gambling of time.Hardy states that the â€Å"Doomsters†, or half blind judges of fate (Crass Casualty and dicing Time) randomly allot both pain and pleasure, and with that, he accepts the uncertainty of fate. Thomas Hardy's â€Å"Hap† After reading Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"Hap,† I was left confused and curious with feelings of doom and questions of life’s sufferings. I could not quite grasp what it is the author is trying to say due to either my unfamiliar with the language or the obscurity in his riddles. With some research, I was able to better understand, or better come to an understanding of, Hardy’s message in this piece.Beginning with the title of â€Å"Hap,† and considering it the piece of â€Å"happening,† I read that this word was an archaic simile of â€Å"chance,† or â€Å"luck† (http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/hap). This is quite important in trying to dissect this po em in that Hardy questions whether the existence of such a â€Å"vengeful† god is the reason for life’s cruelties. Hardy presumes that only with the existence of such a god could there be justification for allowing such evils in the world for their own pleasure and â€Å"ecstasy, that [the character’s] love’s loss is [the god’s] hate’s profiting. (1073) However, uncertainty in such the existence of a god is displayed as we identify the structure of the three stanzas (credit to danamercer. blogspot. com for seeing this). The â€Å"If,† â€Å"Then,† â€Å"But not so† structure is like that of an argument, leading up to a conclusion. The first stanza states that â€Å"If† there is such a god that has pleasure in his â€Å"suffering† and â€Å"sorrow,† â€Å"Then† he would â€Å"bear it, clench†¦ and die† meaning he would accept it for he must submit to that which is more â€Å"Power fuller† who has â€Å"willed† his â€Å"tears. â€Å"But [it is] not so. † Concluding that there does not exist such a God or any God for suffering is but many of nature’s â€Å"Hap† events, and thus the importance of the title. To the character, all of life’s pain and suffering is but a â€Å"dicing† or roll of the dice, a gamble rather. He doesn’t believe in the existence of a god that has â€Å"joy [in life’s] slain† and that allows the â€Å"unblooms the best hope ever sown. † What is the purpose of idolizing and turning to such a God that hates us so?How can there be such a god that is so unjust and morbid? The final answer is that it is just â€Å"Crass Casualty [that] obstructs the sun and rain† due to only chance itself. This belief is reinforced as Hardy identifies the â€Å"Doomsters† as â€Å"purblind† as well as their reasons for his â€Å"pains. † Why is â€Å"doomà ¢â‚¬  what he encounters although he is searching for the light of god (â€Å"my pilgrimage†). He is unsatisfied with the existence of such a god as he states â€Å"Steeled by the sense of ire unmerited. † He feels so strong in the rongness of a â€Å"vengeful† god that only by â€Å"bear[ing] it† and â€Å"die[ing]† would he accept this. The poem is very dramatic as it represents the authors fight with faith and the existence of a God that could allow the sufferings of life. Conversely, how can there be a God that controls everything, including the free will of humans. That’s just one of many arguments against a God that would only allow evil as well as good in the world. Because we are human, and because we have free will, we will always have two sides of the coin, good and evil.And one cannot exist without the other, for they are dependently defined. Hardy’s remaining answer is his realization that chance or â€Å"Hap† is t he defining justification for life’s â€Å"Crass Casualty. † Hardy’s style is indeed representative of the transition from Victorian/Romanticism to modernistic views in that the â€Å"good† does not always win and that â€Å"things [doesn’t] always happen for a reason† since he considers chance as one of the answers much traditionalist overlook when they consider â€Å"purpose† for the answer of all unanswered questions.