Symbolic Logic essays

Symbolic Logic essays People use science and mathematics everyday when they make decisions through reasoning. This is known as logic. The definition of logic as in Websters dictionary is a science that deals with principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration, the science of the formal principles of reasoning. There are many forms of logic in vastly different subjects, but the logic that Im going to deal with in this writing assignment Is known as symbolic logic. In this writing project, I will define symbolic logic and give a brief insight on how Lewis Carroll used symbolic logic in his lifetime. Lewis Carroll was a very indecisive man, that seemed to change his area of study to focus on frequently. But as an inquisitive young man, Carroll was always interested in logic and logic puzzles. Lewis Carroll was born Charles Lutwidge Dodgson on January 27, 1832 and died on January 14, 1898. He took on the pseudonym, Lewis Carroll, as a name for his literary works. In the 66 years of his life, he has written more than 10 books, some of them were childrens stories and some of them were texts of math and logic, since he was, for 26 years, a mathematical lecturer at Oxford. ...

French Nasal Vowels for English Speakers

French Nasal Vowels for English Speakers When we speak of nasal vowels in French, we are referring to certain characteristically French vowel sounds that are produced by expelling air through the nose. All other French vowels sounds are pronounced mainly through the mouth, with no obstruction of the lips, tongue or throat. Nasal Vowels and Nasal Consonants Vowels followed by m or n, as in the words  un, on and an, are  nasal. Try to say them and youll see that air is expelled primarily through the nose, not the mouth. This doesnt hold  true, however, when the nasal consonants m or n are followed by another vowel. In this case, the vowel and consonant are both voiced. For example: un  Ã‚  Ã‚  nasalune  Ã‚  Ã‚  voiced There are also nasal vowels in English, but they are a bit different than French nasal vowels. In English, the nasal consonant (m or n) is pronounced and thus nasalizes the vowel that precedes it. In French, the vowel is nasal and the consonant is not pronounced. Compare the following: French  Ã‚  on  Ã‚  anEnglish  Ã‚  own  Ã‚  on French Vowels in General Overall, French vowels share a few characteristics:   Most French vowels are pronounced further forward in the mouth than their English counterparts.The tongue must remain tensed throughout the pronunciation of the vowel.French vowels do not form diphthongs, which is  a sound produced by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as in  coin,  loud  and  side  ).  In English, vowels tend to be followed by a y sound (after a, e, i) or a w sound (after o, u). In French, this is not the case: The vowel sound remains constant; it does not change into a y or w sound. Thus, the French vowel has  a purer sound than the English vowel. In addition to nasal vowels, there are other categories of French vowels as well. Hard and Soft Vowels In French, a,  o, and  u  are known as hard vowels while e  and  i  are considered soft vowels, because of certain consonants (c,  g,  s) change pronunciation (hard or soft), in agreement with the vowel that follows them. If theyre followed by a soft vowel, these consonants become soft as well, as in manger and là ©ger. If theyre followed by a hard vowel, they, too, become hard, as in the name Guy. Vowels With Accent Marks Physical  accent  marks on letters, a required feature of French orthography,  can and often do change the pronunciation of vowels, as in the scores of French es with either accent  grave  (pronounced eh) or the acute accent  aigue (pronounced ay).

E-commerce Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-commerce Security - Assignment Example The product of GAP is majorly the GAP image. Apart from just selling accessories and clothes, GAP makes huge sales of their own image as well as a trendy upper class environment of shopping. The company has branched out to many other markets like GAP outlet and Baby GAP. The company deals in various clothes of which some are in the stage of maturity with other brand new lines in the stage of introduction. GAP can keep up with the stiff competition online as it continually rolls out varying products to its clients. GAP is influenced by many factors just like other online retail centers. These can be both external and internal factors. They are hence considered when marketing strategy is being created. Today, GAP is trading towards being a driven by brand marketing rather than by creative marketing. GAP as a company experiences various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The strengths of the company include: effective customer service; quality products; reliable services ; and branching out to the internet. On the other hand, its weaknesses include: the price point; competition from other available stores; and the stuffiness image of the company. GAP Company enjoys varying opportunities from the internet ranging from the stock market prices, and development of the new plan of marketing. However, the threats that are in store for GAP include: the industrial expansion; increasing competition; and high competition in internet shopping. The primary target of GAP is a Caucasian female ranging between 21 and 35 years of age. The male Caucasians of between 24 and 35 years and females lying between 15 to 20 years makes the secondary target market of the company. There are other targets in the online market but those two forms its major targets. The product of the GAP Company include: Baby GAP, GAP outlet, and SKU’s such as Old Navy and banana republic. The company is influenced by internal and external factors such as; competitive forces, economic fo rces, political forces, legal forces, regulatory forces, technological forces, and socio cultural forces (Holmes, 2011). Company history and background The first GAP store was opened by Doris and Donald Fisher on August 21, 1969 in San Francisco, Ocean Avenue. The merchandise of the store was composed of LPs and Levi’s. The Fishers raised about 63,000 US dollars in order to open the store. In about a year, the sales of GAP had grown to 2 million US dollars. A second GAP store was opened in 1970 in California, San Jose, with its headquarters established in Burlingame, California with mere four employees. The company grew rapidly. It had more than 25 stores by 1973 covering up to outskirts of California and entered the market of East Coast with a new online store in New Jersey, Voorhees. GAP began selling private label merchandise in 1974. Drexler Millard led GAP to its phenomenal growth in 1990s due to the transformation of the humble jeans discount emporium. In 2002, Drexler was ousted after an over expansion and slump sales. There was a strong rebound in GAP’

Nursing Organizational Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Organizational Presentation - Essay Example ities that the organization goes by and are in a way related to the amount of loyalty, commitment and productivity that the nurses will give into the organization. As a result, when the values of the organization do not match the values of the nurses, they have do device a way to cope with these differences. Usually, low job satisfaction and rates of high attrition lead to the lack of an opportunity to express values of nurses in their practice and also lead to conflict with organizational constraints. They can then react in various ways to these differences. The first reaction can be through acceptance of the different values of the organization and succumbing to them even if they do not agree with them. They may also reject the notions or values that they disagree with. The third can be innovation on the differing (Diamond, Stickley, Johnston, Stacey, 2010). Depending on the way the nurses react to these values, the patient outcome can be positive or negative. If they are pleased with the way the events turned out, then they can do their best when relating and treating their patients leading to high quality services. On the other hand, if th ey have differing values with those of the organization and are dissatisfied with the management, then the nurses may not appropriately handle the patients and some of them may end up complaining about the attention and treatment that they are getting (Crook, McNeese-Smith 2003). Despite the variation between the values of the organization and the values of the nurses, it is wise to come up with a means of overcoming the workplace challenges and coming up with amicable solutions. This can be done through the use of effective communication through the right channels about what the nurses would like and trying to find a way to deal with it. Some of the effective communication techniques may involve embracing the aspects of the organization’s values that are positive and agreeable with those of the nurses before posing the

Holocaust Rememberance Day :: Free Essays

Then they came for me - and there was no one left to speak for me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We’ve been taught that it is important to know history so that we can understand and learn from past mistakes and avoid repeating them in the future. On May 2nd, millions of people worldwide will remember the victims of the Holocaust as we observe the Holocaust Remembrance Day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holocaust is the term that refers to the tragedy of the World War II, specifically the ethnic cleansing carried out by the Nazis. Counting around 11 million deaths, it is undoubtedly one of the most horrendous crimes committed against humanity. Holocaust encompasses the time period from 1938 to 1945; its victims range from Jews to physically disabled. Singled out as the primary target, the Jewish people suffered around 6 million deaths during the Holocaust, that being nearly 65% of European Jewry. However, they were not the only ones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germans sought to really â€Å"cleanse† the human race. They targeted all the people who were somehow different from their â€Å"norms†. 5 million people other than Jews were killed during the Holocaust; these included homosexuals, gypsies, disabled, Jehova’s witnesses and Polish people, the list goes on and on. Asides from all the deaths, Nazis are famous for notorious experiments that they performed on â€Å"lower† races in and outside of their concentration camps. They tore apart families, often making parents watch their children being escorted to the gas chambers. 11 million people fled during the Holocaust, imagine how many lost their families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On May 2nd you will see black tablecloths and burning candles on them. You can also see some movies and statistics. When you do see this, stop for just a second and think about those 11 million. If anything good can ever come out of the Holocaust, let it be the lesson for future generations. This lesson can be summarized in words of Martin Niemoller, an anti-Nazi German

L’Oréal And It’s Strategy Analysis Essay

Introduction L’Orà ©al is the company that I choose to be discussed. The reason why I choose this company is because they are the world leading cosmetic and beauty product’s company and they have a strong strategy for me to discuss on. L’Orà ©al is a cosmetics and beauty products’ company and it was founded at Clichy, France in 1909. Eugà ¨ne Schueller is the founder of the company, who became an instructor at the Sorbonne after completed his study in the Institute for Applied Chemistry in Paris. L’Orà ©al was primarily named as Socià ©tà © Francaise des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux which means French Society for Inoffensive Tincture of Hair. It is a French based company which headquartered in Paris. There are over 130 countries operating this company like South and North America, Africa and Middle East, Europe, Asia and others, with up to 25 international brands. The international brands under L’Orà ©al include L’Orà ©al Professiona l, Lancà ´me Paris, Kiehl’s, Shu Uemura, Kà ©rastase and others. Production and marketing is the main scopes that focus by the company beside the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. They are more concentrate on hair colours, skin care, fragrances and perfumes, cosmetic products and styling products which are specially created for individual and professional customers. They also came out with kids’ products which are known as L’Orà ©al Kids. The research team of L’Orà ©al was first started with only 3 chemists but it is now expanded to nearly 2000 chemists. Now, there are five research and development centre of L’Orà ©al globally. L’Orà ©al have a slogan of â€Å"Because we’re worth it†, which is also their vision statement. The reason why they have this vision is because of building a good customer relationship is what the company priority concern. This is to provide consumers with more satisfied products by the company’s lifestyle and philosophy. L’Orà ©al believes that everyone aspires to beauty. This is where they come out with their mission statement and made the business more meaningful and valuable. They wish to help everyone in the world, no matter male or female, get knows to their own aspiration and fully acquit their personalities. L’Orà ©al is the world’s leading cosmetics and beauty products’ company. Previously, Procter & Gamble was at the top ranking in this industry. By the substantive focus in L’Orà ©al, they are capable in targeting on more investment in Research and Development as well as advertising. Through the investment, it also enables the company become a  powerful force within the industry. In additional, L’Orà ©al also became the world’s biggest supplier for cosmetic products which hold over 19% market shares. By contrast, the company that ranked second, which is the Està ©e Lauder was quite far distant from L’Orà ©al as it occupied only 8%. With the help of cutting-edge technology, L’Orà ©al also took a strong pace in the introduction of their skin care products. Strategic Analysis SWOT Analysis of L’Orà ©al Strengths The main strength of L’Orà ©al is to offer the best products to their customers by continually conducting strong and new research, innovation and development in the concept of beauty. They are also leading the beauty and cosmetic industry with this type of research strategy, even in the competition market. Besides, L’Orà ©al situated more consideration in their specific actions and events. Their actions and events basically will be divided into five groups and the consumer product division as the main. In consumer product division, all their scopes are published through a gigantic market. Secondly is their luxury product division that included international brands. These products can get it through perfumeries, department outlet and duty free outlets. The next is their expert hair care items utilized by the expert beauticians and market through hair salon. This has been categorized into the professional product division and this division helps to keep up the nature of L’oreal Group. Other than that, another ability of L’Orà ©al is about their advertising strategy that being the key element toward the growth of the company. Throughout accomplishing the nature of their target market promotes through advertisement is the most ideal way. Weaknesses Dispersible of the hierarchical structure within a company is the greatest shortcoming which is usually faced by most of the organization including L’Orà ©al. On account of the numerous subdivisions of L’Orà ©al make it harder to run and control by the company. Thus, as a result of this, the manufactures of organization become more inefficient. Another weakness which the organization confronts is that their profits. The margin between their  cost price and offering cost is relatively lower than their other minor rivals. Thus, the profit they earn is different from their expectation. This is likewise happening in extensive advertisement and marketing. Last but not least, L’Orà ©al’s multinational promoting strategy is also their weakness. The reason why is become their shortcoming is mainly due to a few distinctions happened in the promotion and campaign of L’Orà ©al products, in the matter of what kind of image they are trying to present. Opportunities L’Orà ©al Group targeted on providing beauty and makeup products for different age levels of ladies. The constant market demand on these beauty products had allow L’Orà ©al to take the opportunity to focus on their areas of expertise, especially on their hair styling and colour, fragrance and perfume, cosmetics and skin cares. L’Orà ©al appeared with a famous and familiar image around the world even in those developing countries. This company acts as the pioneer brand in the industry as well. Another open door for the organization is that they obtained a lot of market share because of numerous registered patents by L’Orà ©al. Threats For L’Orà ©al, the greatest threat they commonly meet is that they need to confront with competitions among the same industry. Because their products continue to increase with, and therefore this may cause other brands took L’Orà ©al advantage of their profits. Besides, different economic conditions can also pose a threat to L’Orà ©al. Since the greater parts of the products are just inside the range of the populace of developed nations yet in some way L’Orà ©al takes care of this issue. Moreover, they produce products for the populace of under developed nations. In this manner, although the public do not think that L’Orà ©al’s products are daily needs, and it may be accompanied rejection, but the company is still in the best production lines to produce their products. Porter’s Five Force Model of L’Orà ©al Rivalry among the competitive firms (High) Various companies’ competitiveness, for example Proctor and Gamble, Avon, Estee Lauder and Shiseido push L’Orà ©al into the more elevated amount of rivalry in the current business of cosmetic and skin care products. These  contenders attempt to increase more market shares by keeping implement various strategies. L’Orà ©al needs nonstop quality enhancements for every production line in order to guarantee survival of this company in the industry. They must enhance their marketing channels with the assistance of highest technology and innovation to obtain more market share and globally targeted their market. Potential Entrants (Low) It can be considered very low in the participation of potential entrants into this moderate industry. The market already exists with strong company like Estee Lauder, Avon, Olay, Proctor and Gamble, as well as L’Orà ©al. This is very obvious that, there will be no serious threat or maybe little threat from any beginner of the business. L’Orà ©al does not appear to have such a tremendous risk from any potential entrants. Potential Developments of Substitutes (Low) Aging is the main reason why people around the world need skin cares. As a leader in cosmetic and beauty sector, L’Orà ©al seem like does not disturb by any potential substitute that come into the market. In additional, there is less substitution in the anti-aging products and so, it brings less threat to the market. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (LOW) L’Orà ©al in the profession is a giant, has the huge capacity that their production is exceeding 45 billion units every year, and therefore the supplier will have little opportunity to pose the enormous threat to L’Orà ©al. It is huge in world the quantity of supplier. Therefore the supplier has few or simply does not have the ability to bargain with L’Orà ©al. Therefore, L’Orà ©al not faced with too many threats from its supplier. Bargaining Power of Customers (High) The appearances of numerous powerful competitors like Procter & Gamble, Shiseido, Avon and other companies cause higher bargaining power of customer in the market. Because the usability of different company’s different products are high, the potential customer has the choice to go for other companies. Therefore, L’Orà ©al faced with threat of lack of customer. In this situation, L’Orà ©al must deal with this threat earnestly, as to maintain the  market share of this company in profession.

Who Invented the Spinning Jenny

During the 1700s, a number of inventions set the stage for an industrial revolution in weaving. Among them were the flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, the spinning frame, and the cotton gin. Together, these new tools allowed for the handling of large quantities of harvested cotton. Credit for the spinning jenny, the hand-powered multiple spinning machine invented in 1764, goes to a British carpenter and weaver named James Hargreaves. His invention  was the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel. At the time, cotton producers had a difficult time meeting the demand for textiles, as each spinner produced only one spool of thread at a time. Hargreaves found a way to ramp up the supply of thread. Key Takeaways: Spinning Jenny Carpenter and weaver James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny but sold too many before he applied for a patent.The spinning jenny wasnt only Hargeaves idea. Many people were trying at the time to invent a device to make textile manufacture easier.The increased size of the spinning jenny led to spinners moving their work to factories and out of the home. Spinning Jenny Definition Print Collector/Getty Images The people who took the raw materials (such as wool, flax, and cotton) and turned them into thread were spinners who worked at home with a spinning wheel. From the raw material they created a roving after cleaning and carding it. The roving was put over a spinning wheel to be twisted tighter into thread, which collected on the devices spindle. The original spinning jenny had eight spindles side by side, making thread from eight rovings across from them. All eight were controlled by one wheel and a belt, allowing for much more thread to be created at one time by one person. Later models of the spinning jenny had up to 120 spindles. James Hargreaves and His Invention Hargreaves’ story begins in Oswaldtwistle, England, where he was born in 1720. He had no formal education, was never taught how to read or write, and spent most of his life working as a carpenter and weaver. Legend has it that Hargreaves daughter once knocked over a spinning wheel, and as he watched the spindle roll across the floor, the idea of the spinning jenny came to him. This story, however, is a legend. The idea that Hargreaves named his invention after either his wife or his daughter is also a long-standing myth. The name jenny actually came from the English slang for engine. Hargreaves invented the machine around 1764, perhaps an improvement on one created by Thomas High that collected thread on six spindles. In any case, it was Hargreaves machine that was adopted widely. It came at a time of technological innovation in looms and weaving as well. Opposition to the Spinning Jenny After inventing the spinning jenny, Hargreaves built a number of models and started to sell them to locals. However, because each machine was capable of doing the work of eight people, spinners became angry about the competition. In 1768, a group of spinners broke into Hargreaves house and destroyed his machines to prevent them from taking away their work. Increased production per person eventually led to the drop in prices paid for the thread. Opposition to the machine caused Hargreaves to relocate to Nottingham, where he found a business partner in Thomas James. They set up a small mill to supply hosiery makers with suitable yarn. On July 12, 1770, Hargreaves took out a patent on a 16-spindle spinning jenny and soon after sent notice to others who were using copies of the machine that he would pursue legal action against them. The manufacturers he went after offered him a sum of 3,000 pounds to drop the case, less than half of Hargreaves requested 7,000 pounds. Hargreaves ultimately lost the case when it turned out that the courts had rejected his patent application. He had produced and sold too many of his machines before filing for the patent. The technology was already out there and being used in many machines. The Spinning Jenny and the Industrial Revolution Prior to the spinning jenny, weaving was done at home, in literal cottage industries. Even an eight-spindle jenny could be used in the home. But when the machines grew, to 16, 24, and eventually to 80 and 120 spindles, the work then moved to factories. Hargreaves invention not only decreased the need for labor but also saved money in the transportation of raw materials and completed products. The only drawback was that the machine produced thread that was too coarse to be used for warp threads (the weaving term for the yarns that extend lengthwise in a loom) and could only be used to make weft threads (the crosswise yarns). It was also weaker than what could be made by hand. However, the new production process still lowered the price at which fabric could be made, making textiles more available to more people. The spinning jenny was commonly used in the cotton industry until about 1810, when the spinning mule replaced it. These major technological improvements in looms, weaving, and spinning led to the growth of the textile industry, which was a significant part of the birth of factories. The British Library notes, Richard Arkwright’s cotton factories in Nottingham and Cromford, for example, employed nearly 600 people by the 1770s,  including many small children, whose nimble hands made light-work of spinning. Arkwrights machines had solved the problem of the weak threads. Other industries were not far behind in moving out of the local shop to large factories. The metalworks industry (producing parts for steam engines) was also moving to factories at this time. Steam-powered engines had made the Industrial Revolution possible—and the ability to set up factories in the first place—by being able to supply steady power to run large machines.